*1848
1919-1933
1949--
*1955
Ioannis Kapodistrias (1776-1831): Greek aristocrat and Russian Foreign Minister becoming First President of an independent nationalist Greece
1776 Founding of the USA | |||
| Born 11 Feb 1776 in Corfu (Ionian Islands) then under Venetian rule 1795-97 University of Padua (medicine, law, philosophy) | 1789 French Revolution 1793 decapitation of Louis XVI. 1795 3rd separation of Poland (1791 Polish republican constitution adopted) | ||
| 1798 - 1808 | - Medical career in Corfu - Solving Kefalonia conflict - Chief Minister of Septinsular Republic | 1797-99 French occupation of Ionian Islands 1799 occupation of Corfu by Russian & Ottoman troops 1799- 1807 Septinsular Republic on Ionian Islands 1807 French re-occupation of Ionian Islands (Tilsit) | 1804-1817 Serbian Revolution 1807 Tilsit agreement (defining French and Russian interest spheres) 1808 first steam-boot |
| 1809 - 1822 | Entering Russian Foreign Service; (1816-22 Russian co-Foreign Minister after successful negotiations at the Vienna Congress) Opposed to Greek independence movement Growing dissatisfaction with British rule over Ionian Islands 1822 Leaves Russia for Switzerland due to Greek Independence War | - 1812 French invasion into Russia - From 1819 Kapodistria's growing differences with co-FM Nesselrode (1816-56) on Greek Independence - 1820 A. Pushkin becomes a member of the Filiki Eteria (Greek liberation movement founded 1814 in Odessa) | 1809 first telegraph 1810 high-speed book printing machine 1811-1826 Latin America liberty wars 1817 opening of the NY Stock Exchange 1817 Ricardo’s basic economic theories 1820 “ampere” & “volt” in electronics 1820-1823 Spanish Revolution |
| 1792 – (1803) 1815 | French Revolution & Napoleonic Wars in all Europe, Northern Africa and the Americas (e.g. Haiti independence)) | 1814 - 1815 | 1804 Coronation of Emperor Napoleon I in Paris (Notre Dame), in reaction Beethoven withdraws his dedication of Eroica (Symphony No 3) to Napoleon Vienna Congress creates post-Napoleonic order in Europe Creation of Holy Alliance (Christian alliance against aggression and (national) revolutions) that practically faltered in 1822/25 & finally in 1880s |
| 1822 - 1827 | Leaves Russian Foreign Ministry Starting to support Greek independence from Geneva | 1821 – 1829 Greek Independence War against Sublime Porte (Turkey) (Easter-Sunday 1821 public hanging of Greek Orthodox Church Patriarch, July 1821 Russia breaks off diplomatic ties with Ottoman empire) 1822 last meeting of Holy Alliance in Verona (against Greek independence) | |
1825 death of Alexander I & Decembrist uprising against Nikolai I 1828 Greek-Russian diplomatic relations established | 1822 first photographic picture 1823 first distillation of oil (Caucasus) 1825 first modern style railway | ||
1827 - 1831 | First President of Greece (assassinated in office) | 1829 Greek independence | 1830 July-Revolution in France / Belgian independence & Belgian constitution 1830 Polish November uprising |